TEXT
John 4:46-53 (New King James Version)
A Nobleman’s Son Healed
46 So Jesus came again to Cana of Galilee where He had made the water wine. And there was a certain nobleman whose son was sick at Capernaum. 47 When he heard that Jesus had come out of Judea into Galilee, he went to Him and implored Him to come down and heal his son, for he was at the point of death. 48 Then Jesus said to him, “Unless you people see signs and wonders, you will by no means believe.” 49 The nobleman said to Him, “Sir, come down before my child dies!” 50 Jesus said to him, “Go your way; your son lives.” So the man believed the word that Jesus spoke to him, and he went his way. 51 And as he was now going down, his servants met him and told him, saying, “Your son lives!” 52 Then he inquired of them the hour when he got better. And they said to him, “Yesterday at the seventh hour the fever left him.” 53 So the father knew that it was at the same hour in which Jesus said to him, “Your son lives.” And he himself believed, and his whole household.
EXEGESIS
1
BY SAINT JOHN CHRYSOSTOM
http://www.bible.ca/history/fathers/NPNF1-14/npnf1-14-39.htm#TopOfPage
Extract from homily XXXV.
2
BY SAINT AUGUSTINE
http://www.bible.ca/history/fathers/NPNF1-07/npnf1-07-21.htm#P907_501792
Tractate XVI. John IV. 43-54.
3
BY SAINT KYRELLOS I THE TWENTY-FOURTH PATRIARCH OF ALEXANDRIA
http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/cyril_on_john_04_book4.htm
Book IV
EXPLANATION BY SAINT JOHN CHRYSOSTOM
http://www.bible.ca/history/fathers/NPNF1-14/npnf1-14-39.htm#TopOfPage
Homily XXXV.
EXTRACT
Ver. 46. "So Jesus came again into Cana of Galilee, where He made the water wine."
The Evangelist reminds the hearer of the miracle to exalt the praise of the Samaritans. The men of Cana received Him by reason of the miracles which He had done in Jerusalem and in that place; but not so the Samaritans, they received Him through His teaching alone.
That He came then "to Cana," the Evangelist has said, but he has not added the cause why He came.17 Into Galilee He had come because of the envy of the Jews; but wherefore to Cana? At first He came, being invited to a marriage; but wherefore now? Methinks to confirm by His presence the faith which had been implanted by His miracle, and to draw them to Him the more by coming to them self-invited, by leaving His own country, and by preferring them.
"And there was a certain nobleman whose son was sick at Capernaum."
Ver. 47. "When he heard that Jesus was come out of Judaea into Galilee, he went unto Him and besought Him that He would come down and heal his son."
This person certainly was of royal race, or possessed some dignity from his office, to which the title "noble" was attached. Some indeed think that this is the man mentioned by Matthew (Matt. viii. 5), but he is shown to be a different person, not only from his dignity, but also from his faith. That other, even when Christ was willing to go to him, entreats Him to tarry; this one, when He had made no such offer, draws Him to his house. The one saith, "I am not worthy that Thou shouldest come under my roof"; but this other even urges18 Him, saying, "Come down ere my son die." In that instance He came down from the mountain, and entered into Capernaum; but here, as He came from Samaria, and went not into Capernaum but into Cana, this person met Him. The servant of the other was possessed by the palsy, this one's son by a fever.
"And he came and besought Him that He would heal his son: for he was at the point of death." What saith Christ?
Ver. 48. "Except ye see signs and wonders, ye will not believe."
Yet the very coming and beseeching Him was a mark of faith. And besides, after this the Evangelist witnesses to him,19 declaring that when Jesus said, "Go, thy son liveth," he believed His word, and went. What then is that which He saith here? Either He useth the words as approving of20 the Samaritans because they believed without signs; or, to touch Capernaum which was thought to be His own city, and of which this person was. Moreover, another man in Luke, who says, "Lord, I believe," said besides, "help Thou mine unbelief."21 And so if this ruler also believed, yet he believed not entirely or soundly, as is clear from his enquiring "at what hour the fever left him," since he desired to know whether it did so of its own accord, or at the bidding of Christ. When therefore he knew that it was "yesterday at the seventh hour," then "himself believed and his whole house." Seest thou that he believed when his servants, not when Christ spake? Therefore He rebuketh the state of mind with which he had come to Him, and spoken as he did, (thus too He the more drew him on to belief,) because that before the miracle he had not believed strongly. That he came and entreated was nothing wonderful, for parents in their great affection are also wont to resort not only to physicians in whom they have confidence, but also to talk with those in whom they have no confidence, desiring to omit nothing whatever.22 Indeed, that he came without any strong purpose23 appears from this, that when Christ was come into Galilee, then he saw Him, whereas if he had firmly believed in Him, he would not, when his child was on the point of death, have hesitated to go into Judaea. Or if he was afraid, this is not to be endured either.24 Observe how the very words show the weakness of the man; when he ought, after Christ had rebuked his state of mind, to have imagined something great concerning Him, even if he did not so before, listen how he drags along the ground.
Ver. 49. "Sir," he saith, "come down ere my child die."
As though He could not raise him after death, as though He knew not what state the child was in. It is for this that Christ rebuketh him and toucheth his conscience, to show that His miracles were wrought principally for the sake of the soul. For here He healeth the father, sick in mind, no less than the son, in order to persuade us to give heed to Him, not by reason of His miracles, but of His teaching. For miracles are not for the faithful, but for the unbelieving and the grosser sort.
[3.] At that time then, owing to his emotion, the nobleman gave no great heed to the words, or to those only which related to his son,25 yet he would afterwards recollect what had been said, and draw from thence the greatest advantage. As indeed was the case.
But what can be the reason why in the case of the centurion He by a free offer undertook to come, while here though invited, He goeth not? Because in the former case faith had been perfected, and therefore He undertook to go, that we might learn the rightmindedness of the man; but here the nobleman was imperfect. When therefore he continually26 urged Him, saying, "Come down," and knew not yet clearly that even when absent He could heal, He showeth that even this was possible unto Him in order that this man might gain from Jesus not going, that knowledge which the centurion had of himself.27 And so when He saith," Except ye see signs and wonders, ye will not believe," His meaning is, "Ye have not yet the right faith, but still feel towards Me as towards a Prophet." Therefore to reveal Himself and to show that he ought to have believed even without miracles, He said what He said also to Philip, "Believest thou28 that the Father is in Me and I in the Father?29 Or if not, believe Me for the very works' sake." (c. xiv. 10, xiv. 11.)
Ver. 51-53. "And as he was now going down, his servants met him, and told him, saying, Thy son liveth. Then enquired he of them the hour when he began to amend. And they said unto him, Yesterday at the seventh hour the fever left him. So the father knew that it was at the same hour in the which Jesus said unto him, Thy son liveth; and himself believed, and his whole house."
Seest thou how evident the miracle was? Not simply nor in a common way was the child freed from danger, but all at once, so that what took place was seen to be the consequence not of nature, but the working30 of Christ. For when he had reached the very gates of death, as his father showed by saying, "Come down ere my child die"; he was all at once freed from the disease. A fact which roused the servants also, for they perhaps came to meet their master, not only to bring him the good news, but also deeming that the coming of Jesus was now superfluous, (for they knew that their master was gone there,) and so they met him even in the way. The man released from his fear, thenceforth escaped31 into faith, being desirous to show that what had been done was the result of his journey, and thenceforth he is ambitious of appearing not to have exerted himself32 to no purpose; so he ascertained all things exactly, and "himself believed and his whole house." For the evidence was after this unquestionable. For they who had not been present nor had heard Christ speak nor known the time, when they had heard from their master that such and such was the time, had incontrovertible demonstration of His power. Wherefore they also believed.
What now are we taught by these things? Not to wait for miracles, nor to seek pledges of the Power of God. I see many persons even now become more pious,33 when during the sufferings of a child or the sickness of a wife they enjoy any comfort, yet they ought even if they obtain it not, to persist just the same in giving thanks, in glorifying God. Because it is the part of right-minded servants, and of those who feel such affection34 and love as they ought for their Master, not only when pardoned, but also when scourged, to run to Him. For these also are effects of the tender care of God; "Whom the Lord loveth He chasteneth, and scourgeth," it says, "every son whom He receiveth." (Heb. xii. 6.) When therefore a man serves Him only in the season of ease, he gives proofs of no great love, and loves not Christ purely. And why speak I of health, or abundant riches, or poverty, or disease? Shouldest thou hear of the fiery pit or of any other dreadful thing, not even so must thou cease from speaking good of thy Master, but suffer and do all things because of thy love for Him. For this is the part of right-minded servants and of an unswerving soul; and he who is disposed after this sort will easily endure the present, and obtain good35 things to come, and enjoy much confidence in the presence of36 God; which may it be that we all obtain through the grace and lovingkindness of our Lord Jesus Christ, to whom with the Father and the Holy Ghost be glory, now and ever, and world without end. Amen.
EXPLANATION BY SAINT AUGUSTINE
http://www.bible.ca/history/fathers/NPNF1-07/npnf1-07-21.htm#P907_501792
Tractate XVI.
John IV. 43-54.
1. The Gospel Lesson of to-day follows that of yesterday, and this is the subject of our discourse. In this passage the meaning, indeed, is not difficult of investigation, but worthy of preaching, worthy of admiration and praise. Accordingly, in reciting this passage of the Gospel, we must commend it to your attention, rather than laboriously expound it.
Now Jesus, after His stay of two days in Samaria, "departed into Galilee," where He was brought up. And the evangelist, as he goes on, says, "For Jesus Himself testified that a prophet hath no honor in his own country." It was not because He had no honor in Samaria that Jesus departed. thence after two days; for Samaria was not His own country, but Galilee. Whilst, therefore, He left Samaria so quickly, and came to Galilee, where He had been brought up, how does He testify that "a prophet hath no honor in his own country"? Rather does it seem that He might have testified that a prophet has no honor in his own country, had He disdained to go into Galilee, and had stayed in Samaria.
2. Now mark well, beloved, while the Lord suggests and bestows what I may speak, that here is intimated to us no slight mystery. You know the question before us; seek ye out the solution of it. But, to make the solution desirable, let us repeat the theme. The point that troubles us is, why the evangelist said, "For Jesus Himself testified that a prophet hath no honor in his own country." Urged by this, we go back to the preceding words, to discover the evangelist's intention in saying this; and we find him relating, in the preceding words of the narrative, that after two days Jesus departed from Samaria into Galilee. Was it for this, then, thou saidst, O evangelist, that Jesus testified that a prophet hath no honor in his own country, just because He left Samaria after two days, and made haste to come to Galilee? On the contrary, I should have thought it more likely, that if Jesus had no honor in His own country, He should not have hastened to it, and left Samaria. But if I am not mistaken, or rather, because it is true, and I am not mistaken; for the evangelist saw what he was saying better than I can see it, saw the truth better than I do, he who drank it in from the Lord's bosom: for the evangelist is the same John who, among all the disciples, reclined on the Lord's breast, and whom the Lord, owing love to all, yet loved above the rest. Is it he, then, that should be mistaken, and I right in my opinion? Rather, if I am piously-minded, let me obediently hear what he said, that I may be worthy of thinking as he thought.
3. Hear then, dearly beloved, what I think in this matter, without prejudice to your own judgment, if you have formed a better. For we have all one Master, and we are fellow-disciples in one school. This, then, is my opinion, and see whether my opinion is not true, or near the truth. In Samaria He spent two days, and the Samaritans believed on Him; many were the days He spent in Galilee. and yet the Galileans did not believe on Him. Look back to the passage, or recall in memory the lesson and the discourse of yesterday. He came into Samaria, where at first He had been preached by that woman with whom He had spoken great mysteries at Jacob's well. After they had seen and heard Him, the Samaritans believed on Him because of the woman's word, and believed more firmly because of His own word, even many more believed: thus it is written. After passing two days there (in which number of days is mystically indicated the number of the two precepts on which hang the whole law and the prophets, as you remember we intimated to you yesterday), He goes into Galilee, and comes to the city Cana of Galilee, where He made the water wine. And there, when He turned the water into wine, as John himself writes, His disciples believed on Him; but, of course, the house was full with a crowd of guests. So great a miracle was wrought, and yet only His disciples believed on Him. He has now returned to this city of Galilee. "And, behold, a certain ruler, whose son was sick, came to Him, and began to beseech Him to go down" to that city or house, "and heal his son; for he was at the point of death." Did he who besought not believe? What dost thou expect to hear from me? Ask the Lord what He thought of him. Having been besought, this is what He answered: "Except ye see signs and wonders, ye believe not." He shows us a man lukewarm, or cold in faith, or of no faith at all; but eager to try by the healing of his son what manner of person Christ was, who He was, what He could do. The words of the suppliant, indeed, we have heard: we have not seen the heart of the doubter; but He who both heard the words and saw the heart has told us this. In short, the evangelist himself, by the testimony of his narrative, shows us that the man who desired the Lord to come to his house to heal his son, had not yet believed. For after he had been informed that his son was whole, and found that he had been made whole at that hour in which the Lord had said, "Go thy way, thy son liveth;" then he saith, "And himself believed, and all his house." Now, if the reason why he believed, and all his house, was that he was told that his son was whole, and found the hour they told him agreed with the hour of Christ's foretelling it, it follows that when he was making the request he did not yet believe. The Samaritans had waited for no sign, they believed simply His word; but His own fellow-citizens deserved to hear this said to them, "Except ye see signs and wonders, ye believe not;" and even there, notwithstanding so great a miracle was wrought, there did not believe but "himself and his house." At His discourse alone many of the Samaritans believed; at that miracle, in the place where it was wrought, only that house believed. What is it, then, brethren, that the Lord doth show us here? Galilee of Judea was then the Lord's own country, because He was brought up in it. But now that the circumstance portends something,-for it is not without cause that "prodigies" are so called, but because they portend or presage something: for the word "prodigy" is so termed as if it were porrodicium, quod porro dicat, what betokens something to come, and portends something future,-now all those circumstances portended something, predicted something; let us just now assume the country of our Lord Jesus Christ after the flesh (for He had no country on earth, except after the flesh which He took on earth); let us, I say, assume the Lord's own country to mean the people of the Jews. Lo, in His own country He hath no honor. Observe at this moment the multitudes of the Jews; observe that nation now scattered over the whole world, and plucked up by the roots; observe the broken branches, cut off, scattered, withered, which being broken off, the wild olive has deserved to be grafted in; look at the multitude of the Jews: what do they say to us even now? "He whom you worship and adore was our brother." And we reply, "A prophet hath no honor in his own country." In short, those Jews saw the Lord as He walked on the earth and worked miracles; they saw Him giving sight to the blind, opening the ears of the deaf, loosing the tongues of the dumb, bracing up the limbs of the paralytics, walking on the sea, commanding the winds and waves, raising the dead: they saw Him working such great signs, and after all that scarcely a few believed. I am speaking to God's people; so many of us have believed, what signs have we seen? It is thus, therefore, that what occurred at that time betokened what is now going on. The Jews were, or rather are, like the Galileans; we, like those Samaritans. We have heard the gospel, have given it our consent, have believed on Christ through the gospel; we have seen no signs, none do we demand.
4. For, though one of the chosen and holy twelve, yet he was an Israelite, of the Lord's nation, that Thomas who desired to put his fingers into the places of the wounds. The Lord censured him just as He did this ruler. To the ruler He said, "Except ye see signs and wonders, ye believe not;" and to Thomas He said, "Because thou hast seen, thou hast believed."He had come to the Galileans after the Samaritans, who had believed His word, before whom He wrought no miracles, whom He without anxiety quickly left, strong in faith, because by the presence of His divinity He had not left them. Now, then, when the Lord said to Thomas, "Come, reach hither thy hand, and be not faithless, but believing;" and he, having touched the places of the wounds, exclaimed, and said, "My Lord, and my God;" he is chided, and has it said to him, "Because thou hast seen, thou hast believed." Why, but "because a prophet has no honor in his own country?" But since this Prophet has honor among strangers, what follows? "Blessed are they that have not seen, and yet have believed."1 We are the persons here foretold; and that which the Lord by anticipation praised, He has deigned to fulfill even in us. They saw Him, who crucified Him, and touched Him with their hands, and thus a few believed; we have not seen nor handled Him, we have heard and believed. May it be our lot, that the blessedness which He has promised may be made good in us: both here, because we have been preferred to His own country; and in the world to come, because we have been grafted in instead of the branches that were broken off!
5. For He showed that He would break off these branches, and ingraft this wild olive, when moved by the faith of the centurion, who said to Him, "I am not worthy that thou shouldest come under my roof; but only speak the word, and my child shall be healed: for I also am a man put under authority, having soldiers under me; and I say to one, Go, and he goeth; and to another, Come, and he cometh; and to my servant, Do this, and he doeth it. Jesus turned to those who followed Him, and said, Verily I say unto you, I have not found so great faith in Israel." Why not found so great faith in Israel? "Because a prophet has no honor in his own country." Could not the Lord have said to that centurion, what He said to this ruler, "Go, thy child liveth?" See the distinction: this ruler desired the Lord to come down to his house that centurion declared himself to be unworthy. To the one it was said, "I will come and heal him;" to the other, "Go, thy son liveth." To the one He promised His presence; the other He healed by His word. The ruler sought His presence by force; the centurion declared himself unworthy of His presence. Here is a ceding to loftiness; there, a conceding to humility. As if He said to the ruler, "Go, thy son liveth;" do not weary me. "Except ye see signs and wonders, ye believe not;" thou desirest my presence in thy house, I am able to command by a word; do not wish to believe in virtue of signs: the centurion, an alien, believed me able to work by a word, and believed before I did it; you, "except ye see signs and wonders, believe not." Therefore, if it be so, let them be broken off as proud branches, and let the humble wild olive be grafted; nevertheless let the root remain, while those are cut off and these received in their place. Where does the root remain? In the patriarchs. For the people Israel is Christ's own country, since it is of them that He came according to the flesh; but the root of this tree is Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, the holy patriarchs. And where are they? In rest with God, in great honor; so that it was into Abraham's bosom that the poor man, on being promoted, was raised after his departure from the body, and in Abraham's bosom was he seen from afar off by the proud rich man. Wherefore the root remains, the root is praised; but the proud branches deserved to be cut off, and to wither away; and by their cutting off, the humble wild olive has found a place.
6. Hear now how the natural branches are cut off, how the wild olive is grafted in, by means of the centurion himself, whom I have thought proper to mention for the sake of comparison with this ruler. "Verily I say unto you, I have not found so great faith in Israel; therefore I say unto you, that many shall come from the east and from the west." How widely the wild olive took possession of the earth! This world was a bitter forest; but because of the humility, because of this "I am not worthy-many shall come from the east and from the west." And grant that they come, what shall become of them? For if they come, they are cut off from the forest; where are they to be ingrafted, that they may not wither? "And shall sit down," saith He, "with Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob." At what banquet, in case thou dost not invite to ever living, but to much drinking? Where, "shall sit down? In the kingdom of heaven." And how will it be with them who came of the stock of Abraham? What will become of the branches with which the tree was full? What but to be cut off, that these may be grafted in? Show us that they shall be cut off: "But the children of the kingdom shall go into outer darkness."2
7. Therefore let the Prophet have honor among us, because He had no honor in His own country. He had no honor in His country, wherein He was formed; let Him have honor in the country which He has formed. For in that country was He, the Maker of all, made as to the form of a servant. For that city in which He was made, that Zion, that nation of the Jews He Himself made when He was with the Father as the Word of God: for "all things were made by Him, and without Him was nothing made." Of that man we have to-day heard it said: "One Mediator of God and men, the man Christ Jesus."3 The Psalms also foretold, saying, "My mother is Sion, shall a man say." A certain man, the Mediator man between God and men, says, "My mother Sion." Why says, "My mother is Sion"? Because from it He took flesh, from it was the Virgin Mary, of whose womb He took upon Him the form of a servant; in which He deigned to appear most humble. "My mother is Sion," saith a man; and this man, who says, "My mother is Sion," was made in her, became man in her. For He was God before her, and became man in her. He who was made man in her, "Himself did found her; the Most High4 was made man in her most low." Because "the Word was made flesh, and dwelt among us." "He Himself, the Most High, founded her." Now, because He founded this country, here let Him have honor. The country in which He was born rejected Him; let that country receive Him which He regenerated.
EXPLANATION BY SAINT KYRELLOS I THE TWENTY-FOURTH PATRIARCH OF ALEXANDRIA
http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/cyril_on_john_04_book4.htm
46 Not that any man hath seen the Father, save He which is of God, He hath seen the Father.
Having foreseen as God, that they would no wise receive the revelation through the Spirit, nor would take in the Wisdom from above in its illuminations, but would reject out of much ill-advisedness the very duty of seeing the Father and (so to say) of being instructed by very Vision of God, which as they supposed was once the case with their fathers, when the glory of God came down upon the mount Sinai: He first draws them back, and turns them as with a bridle to the duty of not having a gross conception of God, and of not supposing that the Invisible Nature will ever be visible: for no one (saith He) hath seen the Father at any time. But probably He was hinting at the hierophant Moses: for the Jews, in this also thinking very foolishly, supposed on account of his entering the thick darkness, that he saw the Ineffable Nature of God, and beheld with the bodily eyes, that which is by Nature the Untaint Beauty. But lest by saying anything more openly respecting the all-wise Moses, He should seem to be urging them to their wonted state of mind, He says indefinitely of all alike, and as of him, Not that any man hath seen the Father. Do not (says He) demand what is above nature, nor be ye borne in senseless course to that which is unattainable by all things that are made. For the Divine and Incomprehensible Nature hath retired and is withdrawn not from our 404 eyes only, but also from those of the whole creation: for in the word No one, He comprehendeth all things, and in declaring that He Alone is of God, and hath seen the Father, He putteth Himself outside of all, whereof the 'no one' may be understood declarative. But since He is apart from all, and while none hath seen the Father, He Alone misseth not the seeing Him, how shall He not henceforth be conceived of, not among all, as one of them, but external to all, as above all? And if, whereas all things are said to be of God, and none seeth the Father (for all things are of God, as Paul saith), He Alone seeth the Father because He is of God: deeming aright we shall understand the words Of God, to be of the Essence of the Father, in respect of Him Alone. For if it be not so, why, as we said before, since all things are said to be of God, doth He Alone attain unto the Sight of Him That begat Him because He is of God? Wherefore it will be less accurately said of created things (for all things are of God by creation in that they are brought into being by Him): but of the Son, in another and truer sense will His being of God, be demonstrated, as being of Him by Nature. Wherefore He, not numbered among the all, but being external to all, and above all with the Father, will not share the infirmity of all, in that He is excepted from affinity with them, but mounting up unto the Nature of Him that begat Him, will surely see Him from Whom He is.
But how or in what manner, either He beholds the Father, or is seen of the Father, it pertains not to our tongue to say: we must nevertheless conceive of it in a God-befitting manner,
47 Verily, verily, I say unto you, He that believeth on Me hath everlasting life.
Faith therefore is the door and way unto life, and return from corruption unto incorruption. But herein no less is the economy a marvel to the learners: for when He perceived that they understood nothing at all, and saw that they did not suppose they ought to give any credence even to the words of the Prophets, He cuts off, as far as possible, 405 their weakness unto faith by human arguments, by an oath to its truth. For setting before them which believe much to be envied prizes, with their longing desire for these as with traces. He all but constrains them against their will, and persuades them to come to what is proclaimed to them. For what would be more precious than eternal life, to them to whom death and the sufferings from decay are bitter? And this too will beseem a wise teacher, to re-instruct unto the better, by every way (I say) that invites unto life, them who have chosen to think foolishly. But He, being Eternal Life, promises to give Himself to them that believe: that is, that Christ may dwell in our hearts by faith. 406
CHAPTER II. That the Holy Body of Christ is Lifegiving, wherein He speaks of His Own Body as of Bread.
48, 49, 50 I am the Bread of life. Your fathers ate the manna in the wilderness, and died: This is the Bread Which came down from heaven, that a man may eat thereof and not die.
Full clearly may one herein behold that which was spoken afore by the Prophet Isaiah, I was made manifest to them that seek Me not, I was found of them that asked not for Me, I said, Behold Me, unto a nation that was not called by My Name: all the day spread I out My Hands unto a rebellious and gainsaying people. For, removing the whole case from His speech, and having taken away (so to say) all that cloaked it. He at length reveals Himself unveiled to them of Israel, saying, I am the Bread of life, that they may now learn that if they would be superior to corruption, and would put off the death which from the transgression fell upon us, they must needs approach to the participation of Him who is mighty to quicken, and destroyeth corruption, and bringeth to nought death: for this verily is a work proper and most fit for that which is by Nature Life. But since they, affirming that the manna was given to their fathers in the wilderness, received not the Bread which of a truth came down from heaven, that is, the Son, He maketh a necessary comparison between the type and the truth, that so they might know that not that is the Bread which is from heaven, but He Whom the trial shews to be so by Nature. For your fathers (saith He) and ancestors by eating the manna, gave to the bodily nature its need, gaining thereby life for a season, and imparting to the flesh its daily sustenance therefrom, with difficulty effected that it should not die at once. But it will be (He says) the clearest 407 proof of its not being the Bread which is from heaven in a truer sense, that they who partook were no way benefited thereby unto incorruption: a token again in like way that the Son is properly and truly the Bread of Life, that they who have once partaken, and been in some way immingled with Him through the communion with Him have been shewn superior to the very bonds of death. For that the manna again is taken rather as an image or shadow of Christ, and was typifying the Bread of Life, but was not itself the Bread of Life, has been often said by us: and the Psalmist supporteth us, crying out in the Spirit, He gave them bread of Heaven, man did eat angels' bread. For it seems to have been said to them of Israel by the Spirit-clad, but in truth it is not so, but to us rather is the aim of the words directed. For is it not foolish and utterly senseless to suppose that the holy angels which are in heaven, albeit they have an incorporeal nature, should partake grosser food, and need such aid in order to prevail unto life, as this body of earth desires? But I think it nothing hard to conceive, that, since they are spirits, they should need like food, spiritual (I mean) and of wisdom. How then is angels' bread said to have been given to the ancestors of the Jews, if the Prophet speaks truly in so crying? But it is manifest, that since the typical manna was an image of Christ, Which containeth and upholdeth all things in being, nourishing the angels and quickening the things on earth, the Prophet was calling that which is signified by shadows by the name of the truth,----from the fact that the holy angels could not partake of the more earthly food, drawing off his hearers even against their will from any gross conception as to the manna, and bringing them up to the spiritual meaning, that of Christ, Who is the Food of the holy Angels themselves also.
They then who ate the manna (He says) are dead, not having received any participation of life therefrom (for it was not truly lifegiving, but rather taken as an aid against carnal hunger and in type of the true); but they who receive in themselves the Bread of Life, will have 408 immortality as their prize, wholly setting at nought corruption and its consequent evils, and will mount up unto boundless and unending length of Life in Christ. Nor will it at all damage our words on this subject that they who have been made partakers of Christ, need to taste bodily death on account of what is due to nature; for even though they falling into this end undergo the lot of humanity, yet, as Paul saith, they that shall live, live to God. 51 I am the Living Bread Which came down from heaven; if any man eat of this Bread he shall live for ever.
To say the same things unto you, to me indeed is not grievous, but for you it is safe, writes the Divine Paul to certain, in this too (I suppose) instructed by these very words of the Saviour. For as those who are diseased with wounds, need not the application of a single plaister, but manifold tending, and that not once applied, but by its continuance of application expelling the pain: so (I ween) for the soul most rugged, and withered mind, should many aids of teaching be contrived and come one after the other: for one will avail to soften it not by one and the first leading, but through its successive coming to it, even if it come in the same words. Oftentimes then does the Saviour bringing round the same manner of speech to the Jews set it before them manifoldly, sometimes darkly, and clad in much obscurity, at other times freed delivered and let loose from all double meaning, that they still disbelieving, might lack nothing yet unto their condemnation, but being evil evilly might be destroyed, themselves against their own soul thrusting the sword of perdition.
Christ therefore no longer concealing anything says, I am the Living Bread Which came down from heaven. That was (He says) a type and a shadow and an image. Hear Him now openly and no more veiled, I am the Living Bread, if any man eat of this Bread, he shall live for ever. They who ate of that died, for it was not lifegiving: he that eateth of This Bread, that is Me, or My Flesh, shall live for ever. We must then beware of and reject alike hardening ourselves to the words of piety, since Christ not once only, 409 but oftentimes persuadeth us. For there is no doubt, that they will full surely be open to the severest charges, who turn aside to the uttermost folly, and through boundless unbelief, refuse not to rage against the Author of the most excellent things. Therefore says He of the Jews, If I had not come and spoken unto them, they had not had sin, but now they have no cloke for their sin. For they who have never by hearing received the word of salvation into their heart, will haply find the Judge milder, while they plead that they heard not at all, even though they shall specially give account for not having sought to learn: but they who often instructed by the same admonitions and words to the seeking after what is profitable, senselessly imagine that they ought to deprive themselves of the most excellent good things, shall undergo most bitter punishment, and shall meet with an offended judge, not able to find an excuse for their folly which may shame Him.
And the Bread which I will give is My Flesh for the life of the world.
I die (He says) for all, that I may quicken all by Myself, and I made My Flesh a Ransom for the flesh of all. For death shall die in My Death, and with Me shall rise again (He says) the fallen nature of man. For for this became I like to you, Man (that is) and of the seed of Abraham, that I might be made like in all things unto My brethren. The blessed Paul himself also, well understanding what Christ just now said to us says, Forasmuch then as the children have partaken of flesh and blood, He also Himself likewise took part of the same, that through death He might destroy him that had the power of death, that is, the devil. For no otherwise was it possible that he that hath the power of death should be destroyed, and death itself also, had not Christ given Himself for us, a Ransom, One for all, for He was in behalf of all. Wherefore He says in the Psalms too, offering Himself as a spotless Sacrifice to God the Father, Sacrifice and offering Thou wouldest not, but a Body preparedst Thou Me. In whole burnt-offerings and offerings for sin Thou tookedst no pleasure: then said I, Lo I come (in 410 the chapter of the book it is written of Me) to do Thy will, O God, was My choice. For since the blood of bulls and of goats and the ashes of an heifer sufficed not unto the purging away of sin, nor yet would the slaughter of brute beasts ever have destroyed the power of death, Christ Himself came in in some way to undergo punishment for all. For with His stripes WE were healed, as saith the Prophet, and His Own Self bare our sins in His Own Body on the tree; and He was crucified for all and on account of all, that if One died for all, all we might live in Him. For it was not possible that He should be holden by death, neither could corruption over-master that Which is by Nature Life. But that Christ gave His Own Flesh for the Life of the world, we shall know by His words also, for He saith, Holy Father keep them; and again, For their sakes I sanctify Myself. He here says that He sanctifies Himself, not aiding Himself unto sanctification for the purification of the soul or spirit (as it is understood of us), nor yet for the participation of the Holy Ghost, for the Spirit was in Him by Nature, and He was and is Holy always, and will be so ever. He here says, I sanctify Myself, for, I offer Myself and present Myself as a spotless Sacrifice for an odour of a sweet smell. For that which is brought to the Divine Altar was sanctified, or called holy according to the law.
Christ therefore gave His Own Body for the life of all, and again through It He maketh Life to dwell in us; and how, I will say as I am able. For since the life-giving Word of God indwelt in the Flesh, He transformed it into His Own proper good, that is life, and by the unspeakable character of this union, coming wholly together with It, rendered It life-giving, as Himself is by Nature. Wherefore the Body of Christ giveth life to all who partake of It. For it expels death, when It cometh to be in dying men, and removeth corruption, full in Itself perfectly of the Word which abolisheth corruption.
But a man will haply say, fixing the eye of his understanding upon the resurrection of them that have slept: They who received not the faith in Christ, and were not 411 partakers of Him, will not live again at the time of the resurrection. What? shall not every created thing that has fallen into death return again to life?
To these things we say, Yes, all flesh shall live again: for Prophecy foretells that the dead shall be raised. For we consider that the Mystery through the resurrection of Christ extendeth over the whole nature of man, and in Him first we believe that our whole nature has been released from corruption. For all shall rise, after the likeness of Him That was raised for our sakes, and hath all in Himself, in that He is Man. And as in the first-formed we fell down into death, so in the First-born again, who was so for our sakes, all shall rise again from the dead: but they that did good, unto the resurrection of life (as it is written), and they that wrought evil, unto the resurrection of doom. And I will grant, that in no passing degree bitterer than death is the resurrection unto punishment, and the receiving life again unto disgrace alone. In the stricter sense then wo must understand the Life that is really so, the life in Christ, in holiness and bliss and unfailing delight. For that this is truly life the wise John too knows, saying, He that believeth on the Son hath everlasting life, and he that believeth not the Son shall not see life, but the wrath of God shall abide on him. For lo, lo, he says that he which is in unbelief shall not see life: although every creature looks to return again to life, and to rise again. It is then manifest, that the Saviour with reason called that the life which is prepared for the Saints, I mean that in glory and in holiness, which that we ought to pursue after by coming to the participation of the Life-giving Flesh, no right-minded person will doubt.
But since the Saviour called Himself Bread in many of the passages that have already been before us, let us see whether He would not hereby too bring to our mind any one of the things fore-announced and is reminding us of the things in Holy Writ, wherein He was long ago signified under the form of bread. It is written then in Numbers, And the Lord spake unto Moses, saying, Speak unto 412 the children of Israel, and thou shalt say unto them., When ye come into the land whither I bring you, then it shall be, that when YE eat of the bread of the land, ye shall offer up an heave-offering a separation unto the Lord: a cake the first-fruit of your dough shall ye offer for an heave-offering: as an heave offering of the threshingfloor, so shall ye heave it, a first fruit of your dough, and ye shall give unto the Lord, an heave offering unto your generations. Obscurely then, and bearing a gross covering as of the letter, did the law typify these things: yet did it proclaim afore the true Very Bread That cometh down from heaven, i. e., Christ, and giveth life unto the world. For observe how He made Man like us by reason of His Likeness to us, a certain First-fruits of our dough and heave offering, as it is written, was offered up to God the Father, set forth the First-Begotten of the dead, and the First-fruits of the resurrection of all ascending into heaven itself. For He was taken of us, He took hold of the seed of Abraham, as Paul saith, He was offered up, as of all, and in behalf of all, that He might quicken all, and might be offered to God the Father, as it were the first handful of the floor. But as He being in truth Light, put that grace upon His disciples; for He says, YE are the light of the world: so too He being the Living Bread, and That quickeneth all things and keepeth them in being, by a likeness and through the shadow of the Law, was typifying in the twelve loaves the holy choir of the Apostles. For thus He says in Leviticus, And the Lord spalce unto Moses, saying, Command the children of Israel, that they bring unto thee oil olive pure beaten for the light, to cause the lamp to burn continually without the vail in the tabernacle of the testimony. And then He proceeds, And ye shall take fine flour, and make twelve cakes thereof: two tenth deals shall be in one cake. And ye shall set them in two rows, six in a row, upon the pure table before the Lord, and shall put pure frankincense upon each row, and salt, and it shall be on the loaves for a memorial unto the Lord.
The lamp then in the holy tabernacle, and giving light without the vail, we said in the foregoing was the blessed 413 John, nourished with the purest oil, that is, the illumination through the Spirit: outside the vail, because his doctrine was catechetic: for he says, Prepare ye the way of the Lord, make straight the paths of our God. But the things within the vail, that is, the hidden Mystery of Christ, he sheweth not much. For I (he saith) baptize you with water unto repentance, but He That cometh after me is mightier than I, Whose shoes I am not worthy to bear, He shall baptize you with the Holy Ghost and with fire. Seest thou then how he shines, as in simpler speech calling unto repentance; but the things within the vail he commits to Him That baptizeth with fire and the Spirit, to lay open? And these things we have set forth more at large, on the words, at the beginning of the book, He was the burning and the shining light: yet we touched on them now cursorily, since it was necessary, on John's passing away, to shew that the preaching of the holy Apostles was near and straightway present.
For for this reason, I suppose, the Scripture, having first signified him by the lamp puts before us the consideration of the twelve loaves. Ye shall make (it says) twelve cakes: two tenth deals shall be in one cake. It is the custom of the Divine Scripture, to receive ever the number ten as perfect, and to acknowledge it as the fullest, since the series and order of the consecutive numbers, receiving a kind of revolution and mutiplication of the same into the same, advances and is extended to whatsoever one will. He commands then that each cake be of two tenth deals, that you may see perfection in the disciples, in the even pair, I mean both active virtue, and that of contemplation. He bids two rows to be made (and profitably so) well nigh indicating the very position, which it was (as is like) their custom to take, ever receiving the Lord in the midst of them, and accustomed ever to surround Him as their Master. And that we may know that, as Paul saith, they are unto God the Father a sweet savour of Christ, He bids frankincense to be put on the cakes, and that they be sprinkled also with salt. For it is said to them, YE are the salt of the earth. 414 Yea and with reason does He bid it be offered upon the Sabbath day, for they were made manifest in the last times of the world: and the last day of the week is the Sabbath. And not only so, but because at the time of our Saviour's coming we held a Sabbath spiritually: for we rested from sin. And then were the holy Apostles also made manifest unto us, by whose Divine writings also we nourished attain unto the life in holiness. Therefore on the Sabbath day specially doth He bid the cakes to be set out upon the holy table, that is, in the Church. For the whole is often signified by a part. But what is holier than the holy Table of Christ? Therefore the Saviour was pre-typified as bread by the Law: the Apostles again as cakes by their likeness to Him. For all things were in verity in Christ, but by likeness to Him, they belong to us too through His grace.
52, 53 The Jews therefore were striving among themselves saying, How can This Man give us His Flesh to eat? Jesus therefore said unto them,
All things are plain to him that understandeth, and right to them that find knowledge, as it is written, but darksome to the foolish is even that which is exceeding easy. For the truly wise hearer shuts up the more obvious teaching in the treasury of his understanding, not admitting any delay in respect of this: but as to the things the meaning whereof is hard, he goes about with his enquiries, and does not cease asking about them; and he seems to me profitably to press on to do much the same as they say that the fleetest dogs of the chase do, who having from nature great quickness of scent, keep running round the haunts of their game. And does not the wise and prophetic oracle call to some similar habit, Seeking seek and dwell with Me? For the seeker must seek, that is, must bring a most unflinching zeal thereto, and not go astray after empty speculations, but in proportion as anything is more rugged in its difficulty, with so much the more vigorous mind must he apply himself and carry by storm with more resolute onset of his thoughts that which is concealed. But the unpractised 415 and unteachable mind, whatever starts up before it, rages at it with its unbelief, rejects the word 'conquering' as spurious, from undisciplined daring mounting up to the last degree of arrogance. For that which will give way to none, nor think that ought is greater than it, how will it not at last be, what we have just said?
And we shall find by looking into the nature of the thing that the Jews too fell into this disorder. For when they ought to have accepted unhesitatingly the words of the Saviour, having already through many things marvelled at His God-befitting Power and His incontestable Authority over all, and to have enquired what was hard of attainment, and to have besought instruction wherein they were perplexed: they senseless repeat How to God, as though they knew not that it is a word replete with all blasphemy. For the Power of accomplishing all things without toil belongs to God, but they, being natural men, as the blessed Paul saith, received not the things of the Spirit of God, but the so dread Mystery seems folly to them.
We then ought, to derive benefit herefrom, and reestablishing our own life by others' falls, to hold without question our faith in the teaching of the Divine Mysteries and not to apply How to ought that is told us (for it is a Jewish word, and therefore deserving of extremest punishment). And when the ruler of the synagogue of the Jews, Nicodemus by name, on hearing the Divine words, said, How can these things be? with justice was he ridiculed hearing, Art THOU a master of Israel, and knowest not these things? Let us then, found more skilful in the search after what is profitable, even by others' folly, beware of saying How, to what God works, but rather study to attribute to Him the knowledge of the mode of His Own Works. For as no one will know what God is by Nature, but he is justified who believeth that He is and that He is a Rewarder of them that diligently seek Him: so again will one be ignorant of the mode of His several acts, but by committing the issue to faith, and by confessing the Almighty Power of God Who is over all, will he receive 416 the not contemptible reward of so good a decision. For the Lord of all Himself willing us so to be affected saith by the Prophet Isaiah, For My Counsels are not as your counsels, neither as your ways are My Ways, saith the Lord, but as the heaven is far from the earth, so are My Ways far from your ways, and your thoughts from My Mind. But He That so greatly surpasseth us in wisdom and might, how shall He not also work wonderfully, and overpass our understanding?
I would fain introduce yet an argument besides, no mean one, as I think. For they who in this life take up the knowledge of mechanics (as it is called) often engage to perform some great thing, and the way of doing it is hidden from the mind of hearers, till they have seen it done; but they looking at the skill that is in them, even before the trial itself, accept it on faith, not venturing to gainsay. How then (may one say) will not they with reason be open to heavy charges, for daring to dishonour with their unbelief God the Chiefest Worker of all things, who refuse not to say how to those things which He worketh, albeit they acknowledge Him to be the Giver of all wisdom, and are taught by the whole Divine Scripture that He can do all things? But if thou persistest, O Jew, saying How! I too will imitate for thy sake thine ignorance, and say to thee, how earnest thou out of Egypt? how (tell me) was the rod of Moses changed into a serpent? how became the hand leprous, and was again restored, as it is written? how passed the water into the nature of blood? how passedst thou through the Red Sea, as through dry land? how by means of a tree was the bitter water of Mara changed into sweet? how too was water supplied to thee from the breasts of the rocks? how was the manna brought down to thee? how again stood the Jordan in his place? or how through a shout alone was the impregnable wall of Jericho shattered? And will that how never fail thee? For thou wilt be detected, already amazed at many mighty works, to which if thou appliest the how, thou wilt wholly disbelieve all Divine Scripture, 417 and wilt overthrow all the words of the holy Prophets, and, above all, the holy writings of thine own Moses himself. It were therefore meeter far, that, believing in Christ and assenting unhesitatingly to His words, ye should be zealous to learn the mode of the blessing, and not be inconsiderately intoxicate saying, How can this Man give us His Flesh to eat? for the word this Man too they say in disdain. For some such meaning again does their arrogant speech hint at.
53 Verily, verily, I say unto you, Except ye eat the Flesh of the Son of Man and drink His Blood, ye have not life in you.
Long-suffering truly and of great mercy is Christ, as one may see from the words now before us. For in no wise reproaching the littleness of soul of the unbelievers, He again richly gives them the life-giving knowledge of the Mystery, and having overcome, as God, the arrogance of them that grieve Him, He tells them those things whereby they shall (He says) mount up to endless life. And how He will give them His Flesh to eat, He tells them not as yet, for He knew that they were in darkness, and could never avail to understand the ineffable: but how great good will result from the eating He shews to their profit, that haply inciting them to a desire of living in greater preparation for unfading pleasures, He may teach them faith. For to them that have now believed there follows suitably the power too of learning. For so saith the prophet Isaiah, If ye will not believe neither yet shall ye understand. It was therefore right, that faith having been first rooted in them, there should next be brought in understanding of those things whereof they are ignorant, and that the investigation should not precede faith.
For this cause (I suppose) did the Lord with reason refrain from telling them how He would give them His Flesh to eat, and calls them to the duty of believing before seeking. For to them that had at length believed He brake bread, and gave to them, saying, Take, eat, This is My Body. Likewise handing round the Cup to them all, He saith, 418 Drink of it all of you, for this is My Blood of the New Testament, which is being shed for many for the remission of sins. Seest thou how to those who were yet senseless and thrust from them faith without investigation. He explaineth not the mode of the Mystery, but to those who had now believed, He is found to declare it most clearly? Let them then, who of their folly have not yet admitted the faith in Christ, hear, Except ye eat the Flesh of the Son of Man and drink His Blood, ye have no life in you. For wholly destitute of all share and taste of that life which is in sanctification and bliss, do they abide who do not through the mystical
Blessing receive Jesus. For He is Life by Nature, inasmuch as He was begotten of a Living Father: no less quickening is His Holy Body also, being in a manner gathered and ineffably united with the all-quickening Word. Wherefore It is accounted His, and is conceived of as One with Him. For, since the Incarnation, it is inseparable; except as regards the knowledge that the Word Which came from God the Father, and the temple from the Virgin, are not indeed the same in nature (for the Body is not consubstantial with the Word from God), yet are they One by that coming-together and ineffable concurrence. And since the Flesh of the Saviour hath become life-giving (as being united to That which is by Nature Life, the Word from God), when we taste It, then have we life in ourselves, we too united to It, as It to the indwelling Word. For this cause also, when He raised the dead, the Saviour is found to have operated, not by word only, or God-befitting commands, but He laid a stress on employing His Holy Flesh as a sort of co-operator unto this, that He might shew that It had the power to give life, and was already made one with Him. For it was in truth His Own Body, and not another's. And verily when He was raising the little daughter of the chief of the Synagogue saying, Maid, arise, He laid hold of her hand, as it is written, giving life, as God, by His All-Powerful command, and again, giving life through the touch of His Holy Flesh, He shews that there was one kindred operation 419 through both. Yea and when He went into the city called Nain, and one was being carried out dead, the only son of his mother, again He touched the bier, saying, Young man, to thee I say, Arise. And not only to His Word gives He power to give life to the dead, but that He might shew that His Own Body was life-giving (as I have said already), He touches the dead, thereby also infusing life into those already decayed. And if by the touch alone of His Holy Flesh, He giveth life to that which is decayed, how shall we not profit yet more richly by the life-giving Blessing when we also taste It? For It will surely transform into Its own good, i. e., immortality, those who partake of It.
And wonder not hereat, nor ask thyself in Jewish manner, How? but rather consider that water is cold by nature, but when it is poured into a kettle and brought to the fire, then it all but forgets its own nature, and goes away unto the operation of that which has mastered it. We too then in the same way, even though we be corruptible through the nature of our flesh, yet forsaking our own infirmity by the immingling of life, are trans-elemented to Its property, that is, life. For it needed, it needed that not only should the soul be re-created through the Holy Ghost into newness of life, but also that this gross and earthly body should by the grosser and kindred participation be sanctified and called to incorruption. But let not the Jew sluggish of understanding ever suppose that a mode of some new mysteries has been discovered by us. For he will see it in the older books, I mean those of Moses, already fore-shadowed out and bearing the force of the truth, for that it was accomplished in outward forms too. For what (tell me) shamed the destroyer? what provided that their forefathers also should not perish along with the Egyptians, when death, the conqueror of all, was arming himself against the firstborn? is it not manifest to all, that when they, in obedience to the Divine Law sacrificed the lamb, and having tasted of its flesh anointed the doorposts with the blood, death was compelled to pass them by, 420 as sanctified? For the destroyer, that is, the death of the body, was arrayed against the whole nature of man, by reason of the transgression of the first-formed man. For then first did we hear, Dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return. But since Christ was about to overthrow the so dire tyrant, by existing in us as Life through His Holy Flesh, the Mystery was fore-typified to them of old, and they tasted of the flesh of the lamb, and were sanctified and preserved by its blood, he that was appointed to destroy passing by, by the appointment of God, those who were partakers of the lamb. Why then art thou angry, O Jew, at being now called from the types to the truth, when Christ says, Except ye eat the Flesh of the Son of Man and drink His Blood, ye have not life in you? albeit thou oughtest to come with more confidence to the comprehending of the Mystery, pre-instructed by the books of Moses, and by most ancient figures led most undoubtingly to the duty of faith.
TEXTE
Jean 4:46-53 (Louis Segond)
46Il retourna donc à Cana en Galilée, où il avait changé l'eau en vin. Il y avait à Capernaüm un officier du roi, dont le fils était malade.
47Ayant appris que Jésus était venu de Judée en Galilée, il alla vers lui, et le pria de descendre et de guérir son fils, qui était près de mourir.
48Jésus lui dit: Si vous ne voyez des miracles et des prodiges, vous ne croyez point.
49L'officier du roi lui dit: Seigneur, descends avant que mon enfant meure.
50Va, lui dit Jésus, ton fils vit. Et cet homme crut à la parole que Jésus lui avait dite, et il s'en alla.
51Comme déjà il descendait, ses serviteurs venant à sa rencontre, lui apportèrent cette nouvelle: Ton enfant vit.
52Il leur demanda à quelle heure il s'était trouvé mieux; et ils lui dirent: Hier, à la septième heure, la fièvre l'a quitté.
53Le père reconnut que c'était à cette heure-là que Jésus lui avait dit: Ton fils vit. Et il crut, lui et toute sa maison.
EXPLICATION
PAR SAINT AUGUSTIN
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PAR SAINT JEAN CHRYSOSTOME
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HOMÉLIE XXXV.
EXTRAIT
EXPLICATION PAR SAINT AUGUSTIN
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SEIZIÈME TRAITÉ.
DEPUIS CET ENDROIT DE L’ÉVANGILE : « OR, DEUX JOURS APRÈS, IL SORTIT DE LÀ, ET S’EN ALLA «EN GALILÉE », JUSQU’À CET AUTRE: « ET IL CRUT, LUI ET TOUTE SA MAISON ». (Chap. IV, 43-53.)
LE SERVITEUR D’UN OFFICIER GUÉRI.
Après avoir séjourné à Samarie, Jésus vint en Galilée, et alors se vérifia, une fois de plus, ce proverbe « Un prophète n’est jamais honoré dans son pays ». En effet, sans voir un seul prodige, à sa seule parole, les Samaritains crurent au Christ. En Galilée on avait sous les yeux ses miracles, et l’on ne croyait pas en lui; un seul, un officier, eut la foi, et encore, pour l’y amener, fallut-il d’abord guérir son serviteur. Les Galiléens préfiguraient donc le peuple Juif, qui demeura incrédule en dépit des merveilles opérées par le Sauveur; pour les Samaritains, ils étaient l’image du peuple chrétien, qui a embrassé la toi sans avoir été le témoin d’aucun de ses miracles, et qui est devenu ainsi, par adoption, la race spirituelle d’Abraham, d’Isaac et de Jacob.
1. Le passage de l’Evangile, que nous avons lu aujourd’hui, suit immédiatement la leçon d’hier: c’est de ce passage qu’il nous faut vous donner l’explication. Il n’est pas difficile à comprendre, mais il mérite qu’on vous en développe le sens, qu’on vous le fasse admirer, et qu’on en prononce l’éloge devant vous, En vous l’expliquant, nous avons donc plutôt à vous en recommander l’excellence, qu’à vous aider à en résoudre les difficultés. Après avoir séjourné à Samarie, « Jésus s’en alla dans la Galilée », où il avait été élevé. L’Evangéliste ajoute: « Car, Jésus témoigna lui-même qu’un Prophète n’est point honoré dans son pays ». Le Sauveur ne quitta point Samarie après le séjour qu’il y avait fait, parce que les Samaritains ne l’honoraient pas; car Samarie n’était point son pays natal, c’était la Galilée; néanmoins, puisqu’il la quitta sitôt pour retourner en son pays d’origine, c’est-à-dire en Galilée, pourquoi l’Evangéliste dit-il « qu’un Prophète n’est point honoré en son pays? » Cette réflexion aurait été, ce semble, plus opportune, pour le cas où le Sauveur eût dédaigné de retourner en Galilée, et fût resté à Samarie.
2. Que votre charité veuille bien y faire attention: ce passage nous indique un grand mystère: daigne le Seigneur me suggérer et m’accorder ce que je dois vous en dire! Vous voyez la difficulté: cherchez à la résoudre. Mais recommençons à vous la proposer: il nous sera, par là, plus aisé de vous donner une réponse satisfaisante. Nous sommes surpris d’entendre dire à l’Evangéliste: « Car Jésus témoigna lui-même qu’un prophète n’est point honoré dans son pays ». Dans notre embarras, nous avons lu à nouveau les paroles qui précèdent, afin de découvrir le motif pour lequel l’Evangéliste a ainsi parlé; mais nous n’y avons rencontré que ces mots: « Deux jours après, il partit de là et s’en alla en Galilée ». O Evangéliste, vous avez dit que, au témoignage de Jésus lui-même, un Prophète n’est point honoré dans son pays; et pourquoi? parce que, deux jours après, il a quitté Samarie et s’est hâté de retourner en Galilée? Il me semble pourtant plus raisonnable de supposer que si Jésus n’était pas honoré dans son pays, il ne se hâterait point de quitter Samarie pour y retourner. Mais, si je ne me trompe, ou plutôt, c’est la vérité, et je ne me trompe pas, 1’Evangéliste a su mieux que moi ce qu’il devait dire: il voyait mieux que moi la vérité ; car il la puisait au coeur même du Sauveur. Il est, en effet, ce même apôtre Jean, qui, préférablement à tous ses autres collègues, reposa sur la poitrine du Christ: c’est lui que Jésus aimait par-dessus tous les autres, bien qu’il dût éprouver à leur égard les sentiments affectueux de la charité (1). Pourrait-il donc se tromper, et moi, pourrais-je me trouver dans le vrai? Mais non et même, si je me montre pieusement sage, j’écouterai avec soumission ce qu’il a dit, pour mériter de comprendre ce qu’il a lui-même compris.
3. Voici ce que j’imagine: Mes très-chers, écoutez-moi donc , mais sachez-le bien
1. Jean, XIII 25; XXI, 20.
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je ne veux nullement porter préjudice à ce que vous pourriez supposer de plus juste: car nous avons tous un seul et même maître; nous sommes tous des condisciples réunis dans la même école. Voici mon sentiment: à vous de voir s’il n’est pas conforme à la vérité ou s’il ne s’en approche pas. Jésus passa deux jours à Samarie, et les habitants de cette ville crurent en lui: il vécut longtemps en Caillée, et les Galiléens n’ajoutèrent aucune foi à sa mission. Rappelez-vous et composez à nouveau, dans votre esprit, la leçon et le sermon d’hier. Jésus était venu à Samarie; près de cette ville et à côté du puits de Jacob, il avait entretenu une femme de grandes et mystérieuses choses, et cette femme l’avait fait avantageusement connaître à ses concitoyens: ceux-ci vinrent le voir et l’écouter, et alors ils crurent en lui sur la parole de cette femme, et leur foi comme leur nombre s’accrut en raison de ses propres paroles. Voilà le récit évangélique. « Après deux jours passés à Samarie » (ce nombre de jours était le mystérieux symbole des deux préceptes qui renferment la loi et les Prophètes (1): nous vous l’avons ainsi expliqué dans notre instruction d’hier: vous ne l’avez pas oublié), Jésus retourne en Galilée et se rend dans la ville de Cana, de Galilée, où il avait précédemment changé de l’eau en vin. A la vue de ce prodige étonnant de l’eau changée en vin, ses disciples avaient cru en lui : l’Evangile de Jean en fait foi (2). On ne saurait non plus le nier la maison des noces se trouvait alors remplie d’une multitude de convives. Le Sauveur opéra en leur présence ce miracle inouï, et toutefois nul d’entre eux, en dehors des disciples, ne crut en lui. Dans la circonstance présente Jésus se dirigea encore vers cette ville de la Galilée. « Or, il y avait un grand de la cour dont le fils était malade à Capharnaüm ; celui-ci alla vers lui, et le pria de descendre » dans cette ville ou dans sa maison, « et de guérir son fils, car il était près de mourir». L’homme qui le priait ne croyait-il pas en lui? Pourquoi attendre ma réponse à cet égard? Interroge le Sauveur lui-même, il te dira ce qu’il en pensait ; car à cette demande de l’officier il a répondu : « Si vous ne voyez des prodiges et des miracles, vous ne croyez point ». Par là, il reprenait cet homme de la tiédeur ou de la
1. Matth. XXII, 37-10. — 2. Jean, II, 1-11.
froideur de sa foi, ou de son manque absolu de foi ; car celui-ci ne cherchait évidemment, à l’occasion de la guérison de son fils, qu’à savoir ce qu’était le Christ, qu’à connaître ce personnage et sa puissance. Nous avons entendu sa prière, sans néanmoins voir les sentiments de défiance qui l’animaient: mais nous avons appris à les connaître de la bouche même de celui qui avait entendu ses paroles et sondé les secrets replis de son coeur; d’ailleurs, l’Evangéliste nous en a donné une preuve dans sa manière même de raconter les choses ; tout en venant prier le Sauveur de descendre dans sa maison pour guérir son fils, l’officier ne croyait pas encore en lui ; Jean nous dit en effet ceci : Lorsqu’on fut venu lui annoncer que son fils était guéri, il s’aperçut que sa guérison avait eu lieu au moment même où le Sauveur lui avait dit: « Va, ton fils se porte bien ; alors il crut, lui et toute sa famille ». Donc, s’il a cru, lui et toute sa famille, parce qu’on est venu lui annoncer la guérison de son fils, et qu’il a remarqué une concordance parfaite entre l’heure désignée par les envoyés et celle où Jésus lui avait parlé, il ne croyait pas encore au moment où il adressait au Christ sa demande. Les Samaritains n’avaient, pour croire, attendu l’opération d’aucun miracle; pour cela, il leur avait suffi de l’entendre; quant à ses concitoyens, ils méritèrent de recevoir de lui cette apostrophe : « Si vous ne « voyez des prodiges et des miracles, vous ne « croyez point». Et, dans la circonstance dont il s’agit, la miraculeuse guérison du fils de l’officier ne réussit toutefois encore qu’à le convertir, lui et sa famille. A l’entendre seulement, une foule de Samaritains avaient cru en lui; à voir ce prodige, la famille en faveur de laquelle il avait été opéré fut la seule pour lui donner sa foi. Mes frères, qu’est-ce que le Seigneur a voulu nous faire remarquer? Alors la Galilée de Judée était la patrie de Jésus, parce qu’il y avait été élevé ; il en est autrement aujourd’hui ; en effet , le fait qui nous occupe renferme une prédiction ; car ce n’est pas sans motif qu’on a donné à de pareils événements le nom de prodiges ; ils sont évidemment l’annonce de quelque chose. Le mot prodige se rapproche du mot prophétie, qui veut dire et signifie : annonce faite d’avance et qui laisse entrevoir un fait à venir. Comme tout cela était l’annonce et la prédiction de [445] quelque événement futur, donnons pour le moment une patrie à Jésus-Christ considéré comme homme (il n’a pu en avoir une sur la terre qu’en raison de l’humanité dont il s’y est revêtu). Supposons que la nation juive lui a servi de patrie. Or, il est sûr qu’il n’y jouit d’aucun honneur. Examine, en effet, en quel état se trouve aujourd’hui la masse du peuple Juif; elle se voit dispersée dans toutes les contrées de l’univers, elle a été arrachée de son sol ; ses rameaux brisés, coupés, jetés de côté et d’autre, ont perdu leur sève, et l’olivier sauvage a été greffé à la place des branches rompues (1). Considère attentivement la masse de ce peuple. Que dit-il maintenant? Celui que vous adorez, devant lequel vous fléchissez le genou, était notre frère. Réponds-lui : « Un prophète n’est point honoré dans sa patrie ». Le Seigneur Jésus a vécu au milieu d’eux ; il a fait des prodiges ; il a rendu la vue aux aveugles, l’ouïe aux sourds, l’usage de la langue aux muets, le mouvement aux paralytiques ; il a devant eux marché sur la mer, commandé aux vents et aux flots, ressuscité les morts; et tous ces miracles opérés sous leurs yeux, ont à peine décidé quelques-uns d’entre eux à croire en lui. Je n’adresse au peuple de Dieu; nous formons une multitude innombrable de croyants, et pourtant, de quels prodiges avons-nous été les témoins? Donc, ce qui se passait alors en Judée présageait ce qui se passe aujourd’hui parmi nous. Les Juifs ont été ou sont encore pareils aux Galiléens ; pour nous, nous ressemblons aux Samaritains. Nous avons entendu prêcher l’Evangile et nous y avons donné notre assentiment; 1’Evangile nous a fait croire au Christ; nous n’avons vu opérer aucun miracle , et pour croire, nous n’en avons exigé aucun.
4. Le disciple Thomas a désiré mettre ses doigts dans les plaies du Sauveur: c’est pourquoi il a été un israélite et a fait partie de la nation du Christ. En effet, Jésus lui a fait le même reproche qu’à l’officier. Il a dit à celui-ci: « Si vous ne voyez des signes et des prodiges, vous ne croyez point ». Et à celui-là: « Parce que tu as vu, tu as cru ». Il était venu chez les Galiléens, après avoir quitté Samarie: les habitants de cette ville avaient ajouté foi à sa parole, sans l’avoir vu accomplir aucun prodige; il s’était séparé d’eux plein
1. Rom. XI, 17.
de sécurité sur la solidité de leur foi, car il restait avec eux par sa divine présence. Au moment où le Sauveur disait à Thomas « Viens, mets ici ta main, et sois, non pas incrédule, mais fidèle », celui-ci toucha les plaies du divin Crucifié, et s’écria : « Mon Seigneur et mon Dieu! » Alors son Maître lui adressa ce reproche : « Parce que tu m’as vu, tu as cru ». Pourquoi cela? Evidemment, parce qu’ « un Prophète n’est point honoré dans son pays ». Mais comme ce Prophète est honoré chez des étrangers, que lisons-nous ensuite? « Bienheureux ceux qui « n’ont pas vu et qui ont cru (1) ». Voilà une prédiction qui nous concerne : et ce dont le Christ a fait l’éloge bien avant notre naissance, il a daigné l’accomplir en notre personne. Les hommes qui l’ont fait mourir sur la croix l’ont vu et touché, et, cependant, il s’en est trouvé, parmi eux, un bien petit nombre pour croire en lui; et nous, qui ne l’avons ni vu de nos yeux ni touché de nos mains, il nous a suffi d’en entendre parler, et nous y avons cru. Puisse la béatitude, qu’il nous a promise, s’opérer et se perfectionner en nous, d’abord ici-bas, parce que nous avons été préférés à ceux de son pays, et, enfin, dans le siècle à venir, car nous avons été entés à la place des branches rompues!
5. Qu’il dût briser ces branches, et enter à leur place cet olivier sauvage, le Christ nous l’a annoncé par sa conversation avec le centurion. Celui-ci lui avait dit : « Je ne suis pas digne que vous entriez dans ma maison; mais prononcez seulement une parole, et mon enfant sera guéri. Je suis, en effet, un homme soumis à d’autres, et j’ai des soldats à mes ordres; je dis donc à celui-ci : Va, et il va; et à celui-là : Viens, et il vient; et à mon serviteur : Fais cela, et il le fait ». Emu d’une foi pareille, « le Sauveur se tourna vers ceux qui le suivaient et leur dit : « En vérité, je vous le dis, je n’ai pas rencontré une pareille foi en Israël ». Pourquoi n’a-t-il pas trouvé une pareille foi en Israël ? Parce qu’ « un Prophète n’est jamais honoré dans sa patrie ». Est-ce que Jésus ne pouvait pas dire à ce centurion ce qu’il avait dit à l’officier « Va, ton fils est guéri? » Voyez la différence qui se trouvait entre eux ! L’officier désirait voir le Sauveur descendre jusque dans sa maison: le centurion, de
1. Jean, XX, 25-19.
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son côté, s’en disait indigne. A celui-ci, Jésus disait : « J’irai et je le guérirai » et à l’autre : « Va, ton fils est guéri ». Il promettait de visiter l’un , et il guérissait l’autre d’une parole; l’officier cherchait à lui arracher la faveur d’une démarche, le centurion s’en proclamait indigne. Le Christ céda à l’orgueil du premier, et concéda à l’humilité du second la grâce qu’elle n’osait demander. Par ces mots : « Va, ton fils est guéri », Jésus semblait dire à t’officier : Laisse-moi donc tranquille; et, par ces autres : « Si vous ne voyez des prodiges et des miracles, vous ne croyez point » : Tu prétends me faire entrer dans ta maison, sache qu’il me suffit de parler pour guérir ton fils ; ne réserve donc pas ta foi pour le cas d’un miracle; car cet étranger, ce centurion a cru qu’il me suffisait d’un mot pour opérer un prodige, et il a eu foi en moi avant même que je le fisse; et vous, « si vous ne voyez des prodiges et des miracles, vous ne croyez point ». Puisqu’il en est ainsi, que les rameaux orgueilleux se brisent donc, et qu’à leur place soit greffé l’humble olivier sauvage ; pourvu, néanmoins, que demeure toujours la racine, malgré la rupture des uns et l’entement de l’autre. Où demeure la racine? Dans la personne des Patriarches; en effet, la patrie du Christ n’était autre que le peuple d’Israël, parce que, selon la chair, il en venait; mais les saints patriarches, Abraham, Isaac et Jacob, formaient la racine de cet arbre. Et où se trouvent ces personnages? Dans le sein de la paix, en Dieu, au séjour de la gloire suprême : ils s’y trouvent: aussi, le pauvre Lazare, aidé de la grâce, a-t-il été élevé, après sa mort, jusque dans le sein d’Abraham, et placé là si haut, que, de loin seulement le riche orgueilleux pouvait l’y apercevoir (1). La racine demeure donc, et elle obtient des éloges; mais les rameaux superbes ont mérité d’en être retranchés, et de sécher, faute de sève ; quant à l’humble olivier sauvage, il a été greffé au lieu et place des branches rompues.
6. Comment se fait-il que les rameaux naturels aient été coupés, et l’olivier sauvage enté à leur place ? Ecoute: l’exemple du centurion, que j’ai cru devoir comparer à l’officier, va te l’apprendre. «En vérité », dit le Sauveur, « en vérité, je vous le dis, je n’ai pas trouvé une foi pareille en Israël; c’est pourquoi
1. Luc, XVI, 22, 23.
« quoi je vous le déclare, beaucoup viendront d’Orient et d’Occident». Sur quelle immense étendue de terrain s’étaient portées les branches et les racines de l’olivier sauvage? Le monde a été une forêt de bois amers ; mais en raison de leur humilité, parce qu’ils auront dit: «Je ne suis pas digne que vous entriez dans ma maison , beaucoup viendront d’Orient et d’Occident ». Et parce qu’ils viendront, que deviendront-ils ? S’ils doivent venir, c’est qu’ils ont été préalablement coupés dans la forêt: sur quel autre arbre les greffera-t-il pour qu’il ne se dessèche pas ? « Et ils s’assoiront avec Abraham, Isaac et Jacob ». A quelle table? Car ils doivent être invités à prendre un breuvage qui les fasse vivre toujours, et non pas à s’enivrer. « Ils s’assoiront avec Abraham, Isaac et Jacob ». Où? « Dans le royaume des cieux ».Alors, qu’adviendra-t-il de ceux qui sont sortis de la souche d’Abraham? Que fera-t-on des branches qui garnissaient, en grand nombre, le tronc de l’arbre? Qu’arrivera-t-il? Evidemment, on les retranchera pour enter à leur place les rameaux de l’olivier sauvage. Apprends donc qu’elles seront coupées : « Les enfants du royaume seront jetés dans les ténèbres extérieures (1)».
7. Puisque le Prophète n’a pas été honoré dans sa patrie, honorons-le donc. Il n’a pas été honoré dans le pays où il est né, puisse. t-il l’être dans la patrie qu’il s’est formée! Celui qui a donné la vie à tous les hommes, a reçu la vie dans la première, selon la forme d’esclave, cela s’entend. Quand il était Verbe de Dieu dans le sein du Père, il a formé Sion, la ville qui lui a donné le jour, la nation juive, en un mot, Jérusalem. Car « toutes choses ont été faites par lui, et sans lui rien n’a été fait ». Cet homme dont nous nous sommes entretenus aujourd’hui, ce médiateur entre Dieu et les hommes, Jésus-Christ homme (2), a été prédit même par le Psalmiste en ce passage : « Un homme dira : Mère Sion ». Un homme, l’homme qui sert de médiateur entre Dieu et les hommes, dit: « Mère Sion ». Pourquoi dit-il: « Mère Sion ? » Parce qu’en elle il s’est incarné; parce qu’en elle est née la Vierge Marie, dans le sein de laquelle il a pris la forme d’esclave et daigné nous apparaître sous les dehors de la plus profonde humilité. « Un homme dit: Mère
1. Matth. VIII, 5-12, — 2. I Tim. II, 5.
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Sion » ; et l’homme qui dit: « Mère Sion », s’est formé en elle; « Il s’est fait homme dans son sein ». Car, avant qu’elle fût, il était Dieu, et il s’est fait homme en elle. Celui qui s’est fait homme en elle, « c’est le Très-Haut, et il l’a lui-même fondée (1) ». « Il s’est fait homme », et s’est anéanti; car « le Verbe s’est fait chair, et il a habité parmi nous ».
1. Ps. CXXXVI, 5.
C’est « le Très-haut », qui « l’a fondée » parce qu’ « au commencement était le Verbe, et le Verbe était en Dieu, et le Verbe était Dieu toutes choses ont été faites par lui (1) ». Mais parce qu’il s’est formé cette patrie, il y est honoré. La patrie au sein de laquelle il s’est incarné l’a repoussé: puisse la patrie qu’il a régénérée le recevoir!
1. Jean, I, 1, 3, 14.
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EXPLICATION PAR SAINT JEAN CHRYSOSTOME
http://jesusmarie.free.fr/jean_chrysostome_commentaire_evangile_saint_jean_2.html
HOMÉLIE XXXV.
EXTRAIT
" Jésus vient donc de nouveau à Cana en Galilée, où il avait changé l'eau en vin (46) ". L'évangéliste rapporte ici le miracle à la louange des Samaritains. Les Galiléens crurent en Jésus-Christ, mais après avoir vu les miracles qu'il avait opérés et à Jérusalem et chez eux ; les Samaritains , au contraire, le reçurent pour sa doctrine seulement. Saint Jean rapporte que Jésus vint en Galilée pour mortifier la jalousie des Juifs; mais pourquoi alla-t-il à Cana? Il y fut la première fois parce qu'il était invité aux noces; mais, maintenant pourquoi y va-t-il? Pour moi, il me semble véritablement qu'il y fut pour confirmer, par sa présence , la foi au miracle qu'il y avait opéré, et aussi pour s'attacher plus sûrement ces hommes, en allant chez eux de son propre mouvement, sans qu'ils l'en eussent prié, et en quittant même sa patrie pour leur donner la préférence sur les siens.
" Or, il y avait un seigneur de la cour dont le fils était malade à Capharnaüm, lequel ayant appris que Jésus venait de Judée, en Galilée, l'alla trouver, et le pria de vouloir venir chez lui, pour guérir son fils (47) " ainsi qualifié seigneur de la cour (1), ou comme étant de la race royale, ou comme exerçant quelque dignité. Quelques-uns croient que c'est le même que celui dont parle saint Matthieu, mais on prouve visiblement que c'est un autre, et par sa dignité et par sa foi ; celui-là, quoique Jésus-Christ voulût bien aller chez
1. " Seigneur de la cour ". C'est ce que signifie le mot Basilikos dans le grec, et celui de Regulus dans la Vulgate , qui a la même signification que Regius, ou, comme l'explique saint Jérôme, Palatinus. i. e. un officier de la cour du prince, ou d'Hérode, que les Galiléens appelaient roi, quoique les Romains ne lui donnassent que le nom de Tétrarque.
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lui, le prie de ne pas se donner cette peine; celui-ci, au contraire, le presse de venir dans sa
maison, quoiqu'il ne s'y offre pas; l'un dit " Je ne suis pas digne que vous entriez dans ma maison " (Matth. VIII, 8), l'autre fait de grandes instances : " Venez , " dit-il , " avant que mon fils meure (29) ". Celui-là, descendant de la montagne , vint à Capharnaüm; celui-ci fut au-devant de lui, de Samarie, comme il allait non à Capharnaüm, mais à Cana. Le serviteur de celui-là était attaqué d'une paralysie , le fils de celui-ci d'une fièvre. " Et il le pria de vouloir venir chez lui pour guérir son fils qui allait mourir:". Que lui répondit Jésus-Christ? " Si vous ne voyez des miracles et des prodiges, vous ne croyez point (48) ". Toutefois, que cet officier vînt le trouver et le priât, c'était une marque de sa foi, de quoi l'évangéliste lui, rend témoignage , en rapportant ensuite que Jésus lui ayant dit : " Allez, votre fils se porte bien, il crut a la parole que Jésus lui avait dite, et s'en alla (50) ".
Que prétend donc ici l'évangéliste ? ou nous faire admirer avec lui les Samaritains pour avoir cru sans voir de miracles, ou pour censurer en passant la ville de Capharnaüm, qu'on regardait comme la patrie de Jésus. Car un autre qui dit, dans saint Luc (1) : " Seigneur, je crois, aidez-moi dans mon incrédulité " (Marc, IX, 23), s'est servi des mêmes paroles. Au reste, cet officier a cru, mais sa foi n'était point pleine et entière; il le fait voir en s'enquérant de l'heure où la fièvre avait quitté son fils. Car il voulait savoir si la fièvre l'avait quitté d'elle-même, ou si c'était par le commandement de Jésus-Christ. " Et comme il reconnut que c'était la veille à la septième heure " du jour, " il crut en lui, et toute sa famille (53) ". Ne voyez-vous pas qu'il crut, non sur ce qu'avait dit Jésus-Christ, mais sur le témoignage de ses serviteurs? Aussi le Sauveur lui fait un reproche sur l'esprit dans lequel il était venu le trouver, et par là il l'excitait davantage à croire en lui. En effet, avant le miracle, il ne croyait qu'imparfaitement. Que si cet officier est venu trouver Jésus et le prier, il n'est rien en cela de merveilleux; les pères, dans leur tendresse pour leurs enfants, s'ils en ont un de malade, courent précipitamment aux médecins, et non-seulement à ceux en qui ils ont une entière confiance, mais aussi à
1. C'est par erreur que Chrysostome cite saint Luc.
ceux mêmes sur qui ils ne comptent pas entièrement, tant ils craignent de rien négliger. Et toutefois, celui-ci n'est venu trouver Jésus que par occasion, lorsqu'il allait en Galilée; s'il eût pleinement cru en lui, son fils étant à la dernière extrémité et prêt à mourir, il n'aurait pas manqué de l'aller chercher jusque dans la Judée. Que s'il craignait, c'est aussi en quoi on ne peut l'excuser.
Remarquez, je vous prie, mes frères, que ses paroles mêmes montrent sa faiblesse et son peu de foi. Car il est constant qu'il aurait dû avoir une plus grande opinion de Jésus-Christ, sinon avant, du moins après qu'il eut fait connaître les bas sentiments qu'il avait de lui, et qu'il en eut été repris. Cependant écoutez-le parler, vous verrez combien il rampe encore à terre : " Venez, " dit-il, " venez avant que mon, fils meure (49); " comme si Jésus-Christ n'aurait pas pu ressusciter son fils s'il était mort, comme s'il ne savait pas l'état où il était. Voilà pourquoi il le reprend et parle à sa conscience un langage sévère, lui faisant connaître que les miracles se font principalement pour le salut de l'âme. Ainsi il guérit également et le père qui est malade d'esprit, et le fils qui est malade de corps, pour nous apprendre qu'il ne faut pas tant s'attacher à lui à cause des miracles, que pour la doctrine. Le Seigneur opère les miracles, non pour les fidèles, mais pour les infidèles et les hommes les plus grossiers.
3. Dans sa tristesse et dans sa douleur, cet officier ne faisait pas beaucoup d'attention aux paroles de Jésus-Christ, il n'écoutait guère que celles qui tendaient à la guérison de son fils; mais dans la suite il devait se les rappeler et en faire un grand profit: c'est ce qui arriva. Mais pourquoi Jésus-Christ, sans en être prié, offre-t-il d'aller chez le centenier, et ne fait-il pas la même offre à celui qui le presse et le sollicite vivement? C'est que la foi du centurion étant parfaite, voilà pourquoi Jésus-Christ offre d'aller chez lui, afin de nous faire connaître la vertu de cet homme; mais l'officier n'avait encore qu'une foi imparfaite. Comme donc il le pressait instamment en lui disant : " Venez, " faisant voir par là qu'il ne savait point encore que Jésus pouvait guérir son fils, quoique absent et éloigné, Jésus lui montre qu'il le peut, afin que la connaissance qu'avait le centurion par lui-même, cet officier l'acquît, voyant que Jésus avait guéri [268] son fils sans aller chez lui. Ainsi quand il dit: " Si vous ne voyez des miracles et des prodiges, vous ne croyez point ", c'est comme s'il disait: Vous n'avez point encore une foi digne de moi, et vous me regardez encore comme un prophète. Jésus-Christ donc, pour manifester ce qu'il est et montrer qu'il faut croire en lui, même indépendamment des miracles, s'est servi des mêmes paroles par lesquelles il. s'est fait connaître à Philippe
" Ne croyez-vous pas que je suis dans mon a Père et que mon Père est en moi ? (Jean, XIV, 10.) Quand vous ne me voudriez pas croire, croyez à mes œuvres ". (Jean, X, 38.)
" Et comme il était en chemin, ses serviteurs vinrent au-devant de lui, et lui dirent: a Votre fils se porte bien (51).
" Et s'étant enquis de l'heure qu'il s'était a trouvé mieux, ils lui répondirent : Hier, environ la septième heure " du jour " la fièvre le quitta (52).
" Son père reconnut que c'était à cette heure-là que Jésus lui avait dit : Votre fils se porte bien ; et il crut, lui et toute sa famille (53) ".
Ne le remarquez-vous pas, mes très-chers frères, que le bruit de ce miracle se répandit aussitôt? En effet, cet enfant ne fut pas délivré d'une manière ordinaire du péril où il était, mais sa guérison eut lieu sur-le-champ; d'où il est visible qu'elle n'était point naturelle, et que c'est Jésus-Christ qui l'avait opérée par sa vertu et par sa puissance. Déjà il était arrivé aux portes de la mort, comme le déclarent ces paroles du père : " Venez avant que mon fils meure " , lorsque tout à coup il en fut arraché; voilà aussi ce qui étonna les serviteurs. Peut-être même accoururent-ils non-seulement pour apporter cette bonne nouvelle, mais encore parce qu'ils regardaient comme inutile que Jésus-Christ vînt : ils savaient effectivement que leur maître devait être arrivé; voilà pourquoi ils furent à sa rencontre par le même chemin. Au reste, cet officier cessant de craindre, ouvre son coeur à la foi, pour montrer que c'est son voyage qui lui a procuré le miracle de la guérison de son fils ; il déploie toute sa diligence de peur qu'on ne croie qu'il l'ait fait inutilement; et c'est aussi pour cela qu'il s'informe exactement de tout : " Et il crut, lui et toute sa famille ". Ce témoignage était exempt de tout doute et de tout soupçon. En effet, ses serviteurs, qui n'avaient point été présents au miracle, qui n'avaient point entendu Jésus-Christ, ni su l'heure, ayant appris de leur maître que c'était à cette même heure que lui avait été accordée la guérison de son fils, eurent une preuve très-certaine et très-évidente de la puissance de Jésus-Christ, et voilà pourquoi ils crurent aussi eux-mêmes.
Quel enseignement, mes frères, tirerons-nous de là? Que nous, ne devons point attendre des miracles, ni demander au Seigneur des gages de sa divine puissance. Je vois des gens qui font paraître un plus grand amour de Dieu lorsque leurs fils ou leurs femmes ont reçu quelque soulagement dans leur maladie; mais quand bien même nos voeux et nos désirs ne sont point exaucés, il est juste de persévérer toujours dans la prière, de ne pas cesser de chanter des cantiques d'actions de grâces et de louanges. C'est là le devoir des serviteurs fidèles; c'est là ce que doivent au Seigneur ceux qui l'aiment et le chérissent comme il faut; ils doivent, dans la prospérité et dans l'adversité, dans la paix et dans la guerre, toujours également accourir et s'attacher à lui ! Rien, en effet, n'arrive que par l'ordre de sa divine providence : " Car le Seigneur châtie celui qu'il aime, et il frappe de verges tous ceux qu'il reçoit au nombre de ses enfants ". (Hébr. XII, 6.) Celui qui ne le sert et qui ne l'honore que lorsqu'il vit dans la paix et dans la tranquillité, ne donne pas des marques d'un fort grand amour, et ne montre pas qu'il aime purement et sincèrement Jésus-Christ; mais pourquoi parler de la santé, des richesses, de la pauvreté, de la maladie? Quand même vous seriez menacés du feu, des plus cruels et des plus horribles tourments, vous ne devriez pas pour cela cesser un instant de chanter les louanges du Seigneur; mais il vous faudrait tout souffrir pour son amour : tel doit être le fidèle serviteur, telle est une âme ferme et constante. Avec ces dispositions, vous supporterez facilement, mes chers frères, les afflictions et les calamités de la vie présente, vous acquerrez les biens futurs, et vous vous présenterez avec beaucoup de confiance devant le trône de Dieu. Veuille le ciel nous la départir à tous, cette confiance, par la grâce et la miséricorde de Notre-Seigneur Jésus-Christ, à qui appartient la gloire dans tous les siècles des siècles ! Ainsi soit-il.
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